Geriatric co-management and interdisciplinary transitional care reduced hospital readmissions in frail older patients in Argentina: results from a randomized controlled trial.

BACKGROUND: Hospitalization is a moment of extreme vulnerability for frail older adults. There is scarce evidence on the effectiveness of geriatric co-management or transitional care interventions in Latin America. AIMS: To assess whether geriatric co-management combined with an interdisciplinary transitional care intervention could reduce 30-day hospital readmission rate compared to usual care in hospitalized frail older patients in a tertiary hospital in Argentina. METHODS: Single-blinded randomized controlled trial. Usual care treatment arm: all procedures performed during hospitalization were overseen by a senior internal medicine specialist and complied with pre-defined protocols. Patients had access to specialist care if needed, as well as hospital-at-home or home-based primary care services after discharge. Intervention treatment arm: in addition to usual care, a geriatric co-management team performed a comprehensive geriatric assessment during hospitalization, provided tailored recommendations to minimize geriatric syndromes and planned transition of care. A health and social care counselor oversaw continuity of care in patients' homes after discharge. RESULTS: We included 120 participants in each of the intervention and usual care (control) arms. Thirty-day hospital readmissions were 47.7% lower in the intervention arm (18.3% vs 35.0%; P = 0.040); and emergency room visits within the first 6 months after discharge were 27.8% lower (43.3% vs 60.0%; P = 0.010). There was a non-statistically significant decrease in 6-month mortality in the intervention arm (25.0% vs 35.0%; P = 0.124). CONCLUSION: Geriatric co-management of frail older patients during hospitalization combined with an interdisciplinary transitional care intervention reduced 30-day hospital readmissions and emergency visits 6 months after discharge. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: Trial registration number: RENIS IS003081.

El chequeo después de los 65

Esta obra está dedicada al cuidado de la salud de los adultos mayores, ya que el aumento de la expectativa de vida ha hecho que este grupo represente un porcentaje cada vez mayor de la población mundial

[Physicians' views and perspectives on advanced directives in patients with incipient dementia]. / Posición y perspectivas de los médicos sobre las directivas anticipadas en pacientes con demencia incipiente.

Dementia is a progressive disease in which patients lose their ability to decide and communicate. Advance directives (AD) allow patients to express their preferences on end of life care in the early stages of the disease. Primary care practitioners (PCP) are in the best position to promote AD. The aim of this study was to elicit PCPs views about the discussion of AD with early stage dementia patients. A qualitative approach was taken, focus groups and individual interviews to elderly patients' PCPs from the Hospital italiano de buenos aires were conducted. A purposive sampling was performed, conforming homogeneous groups according to age and seniority. The discussion was stimulated by a vignette. We performed thematic content analysis in an interdisciplinary team. Twelve PCPs = 30 year of age, 32 middle-aged and 8 over 45 years participated of the study. The youngest group favored the discussion of AD while those over 45 regarded the family as the decision maker, and thus, the discussion as useless. Besides, they expressed that our society is not mature enough to discuss AD. Difficulties in AD implementation, in predicting the evolution of a patient's disease, the span of time between the discussion and AD implementation, lack of legislation and specific institutional policies were other factors that conditioned the discussion. Younger PCPs expressed concern on the lack of communication skills and difficulties to broach this subject with patients. PCPs perspectives on AD vary, their age should be taken into account when designing strategies to their implementation.

Posición y perspectivas de los médicos sobre las directivas anticipadas en pacientes con demencia incipiente / Physicians´ views and perspectives on advanced directives in patients with incipient dementia

La demencia es una enfermedad progresiva que compromete la capacidad de tomar decisiones. Las directivas anticipadas (DA) permitirían a los pacientes expresar tempranamente sus voluntades sobre cuidados a recibir en estadios finales. Los médicos de cabecera (MC) están en una situación privilegiada para indagar acerca de las DA. El objetivo del presente estudio fue conocer las perspectivas de los MC sobre las DA en pacientes con demencia. Se llevó a cabo una investigación cualitativa por grupos focales y entrevistas individuales a MC de ancianos del Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires. Se realizó muestreo intencional, conformándose grupos homogéneos según edad y jerarquía. La discusión se estimuló con una viñeta. Se realizó análisis de contenido temático en equipo interdisciplinario. Participaron 12 MC de hasta 30 años; 32 de edad intermedia y 8 mayores de 45 años. Entre los jóvenes las DA tuvieron mayor aceptación. Los mayores consideran que la familia toma las decisiones y que nuestra sociedad está inmadura para estas discusiones. Otros condicionantes para la discusión fueron: dificultades prácticas para implementar las DA, el lapso temporal entre la formulación y su implementación, dificultad para predecir la evolución de los pacientes, falta de legislación y de políticas institucionales específicas. Los jóvenes manifestaron falta de capacitación para dialogar sobre DA con sus pacientes. Como conclusión, se observó que los facilitadores y barreras para la discusión sobre DA difieren según la edad de los MC. Las intervenciones que se orienten a favorecer su utilización deberían adaptarse a los médicos a quienes van dirigidas.

Dementia is a progressive disease in which patients lose their ability to decide and communicate. Advance directives (AD) allow patients to express their preferences on end of life care in the early stages of the disease. Primary care practitioners (PCP) are in the best position to promote AD. The aim of this study was to elicit PCPs views about the discussion of AD with early stage dementia patients. A qualitative approach was taken, focus groups and individual interviews to elderly patients´ PCPs from the Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires were conducted. A purposive sampling was performed, conforming homogeneous groups according to age and seniority. The discussion was stimulated by a vignette. We performed thematic content analysis in an interdisciplinary team. Twelve PCPs = 30 year of age, 32 middle-aged and 8 over 45 years participated of the study. The youngest group favored the discussion of AD while those over 45 regarded the family as the decision maker, and thus, the discussion as useless. Besides, they expressed that our society is not mature enough to discuss AD. Difficulties in AD implementation, in predicting the evolution of a patient's disease, the span of time between the discussion and AD implementation, lack of legislation and specific institutional policies were other factors that conditioned the discussion. Younger PCPs expressed concern on the lack of communication skills and difficulties to broach this subject with patients. PCPs perspectives on AD vary, their age should be taken into account when designing strategies to their implementation.

Posición y perspectivas de los médicos sobre las directivas anticipadas en pacientes con demencia incipiente / Physicians´ views and perspectives on advanced directives in patients with incipient dementia

La demencia es una enfermedad progresiva que compromete la capacidad de tomar decisiones. Las directivas anticipadas (DA) permitirían a los pacientes expresar tempranamente sus voluntades sobre cuidados a recibir en estadios finales. Los médicos de cabecera (MC) están en una situación privilegiada para indagar acerca de las DA. El objetivo del presente estudio fue conocer las perspectivas de los MC sobre las DA en pacientes con demencia. Se llevó a cabo una investigación cualitativa por grupos focales y entrevistas individuales a MC de ancianos del Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires. Se realizó muestreo intencional, conformándose grupos homogéneos según edad y jerarquía. La discusión se estimuló con una viñeta. Se realizó análisis de contenido temático en equipo interdisciplinario. Participaron 12 MC de hasta 30 años; 32 de edad intermedia y 8 mayores de 45 años. Entre los jóvenes las DA tuvieron mayor aceptación. Los mayores consideran que la familia toma las decisiones y que nuestra sociedad está inmadura para estas discusiones. Otros condicionantes para la discusión fueron: dificultades prácticas para implementar las DA, el lapso temporal entre la formulación y su implementación, dificultad para predecir la evolución de los pacientes, falta de legislación y de políticas institucionales específicas. Los jóvenes manifestaron falta de capacitación para dialogar sobre DA con sus pacientes. Como conclusión, se observó que los facilitadores y barreras para la discusión sobre DA difieren según la edad de los MC. Las intervenciones que se orienten a favorecer su utilización deberían adaptarse a los médicos a quienes van dirigidas.(AU)

Dementia is a progressive disease in which patients lose their ability to decide and communicate. Advance directives (AD) allow patients to express their preferences on end of life care in the early stages of the disease. Primary care practitioners (PCP) are in the best position to promote AD. The aim of this study was to elicit PCPs views about the discussion of AD with early stage dementia patients. A qualitative approach was taken, focus groups and individual interviews to elderly patients´ PCPs from the Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires were conducted. A purposive sampling was performed, conforming homogeneous groups according to age and seniority. The discussion was stimulated by a vignette. We performed thematic content analysis in an interdisciplinary team. Twelve PCPs = 30 year of age, 32 middle-aged and 8 over 45 years participated of the study. The youngest group favored the discussion of AD while those over 45 regarded the family as the decision maker, and thus, the discussion as useless. Besides, they expressed that our society is not mature enough to discuss AD. Difficulties in AD implementation, in predicting the evolution of a patients disease, the span of time between the discussion and AD implementation, lack of legislation and specific institutional policies were other factors that conditioned the discussion. Younger PCPs expressed concern on the lack of communication skills and difficulties to broach this subject with patients. PCPs perspectives on AD vary, their age should be taken into account when designing strategies to their implementation.(AU)